Q1. What is network tackle?
Response: We can see network and host addresses in two ways:
1) Community-ID and Host-ID
An IP deal with is created of two components, the still left element is network ID, the right element is host ID.
For illustration, in a hundred.three.four.5, if 100 is a network ID, then three.four.five is a host ID. If a hundred.3 is network ID, then 4.5 is a host ID.
two) Network-tackle and host-address. Let us appear at two examples:
IP-deal with Community-ID Host-ID Network-handle Host-tackle Mask
one hundred.four.five.six/eight 100 four.5.6 100… a hundred.4.5.6 /8
a hundred and fifty.one.2.3/sixteen one hundred fifty.1 two.three 150.1.. one hundred fifty.1.2.3 /sixteen
Observe: Network mask is introduced as /m exactly where m is a two-digit decimal variety among 8~31.
Notice: IP, community, and host addresses are usually offered with masks.
Q2. What is mask?
Answer. IP uses community mask to break up a 32-little bit IP-deal with into network-ID and host-ID. Community-tackle is manufactured of network-ID bits on the left and bits on the proper.
For instance, for a hundred and fifty.one.two.three/sixteen, 16 is the network mask, one hundred fifty.one is community-ID, one hundred fifty.one../ whatismypublicipaddress.com is community-handle, 2.three is host-ID, one hundred fifty.1.2.3/16 is host-address. Network-handle is utilized by routers to ahead packets. Host address is employed to distinguish hosts in the exact same network.
Q3. Why network addresses?
Response: When numbers are way too numerous, we use hierarchical framework to manage them. For illustration, phone variety are structured as.
For instance, 086.021.1234.5678 is a variety in China, Shanghais. The voice information is switched by nation code, city code, and prefix. Structured telephone figures are much easier to switch than flat 10-digit phone numbers.
Web faces a similar predicament. There are nearly 4.2 billion addresses (IP has 32 bits. or two^32 person addresses.) Routers use routing tables to foreword packets. Naturally, it’s much simpler for router to manage structured addresses than four billion flat types.
IP’s solution is to use community-addresses to forward packets, not specific kinds. Community mask breaks an tackle into a community-ID and a host-ID. Routing tables use network addresses, not IP addresses.
For illustration,
– 100…/eight network has 16,777,216 addresses. In a routing table, (one hundred…/eight, up coming hop interface) says: ahead packets with the exact same location network to the exact same subsequent hop interface.
– 150.one../sixteen community has 65,536 addresses. In a routing table, (a hundred and fifty.one../sixteen, up coming hop interface) normally takes care of forwarding 65,536 personal addresses in a hundred and fifty.1../16 community.
– 150.one../sixteen network has sixty five,536 IP addresses. In a routing desk, (one hundred fifty.one../16, subsequent hop interface) takes treatment of forwarding 65,536 person address in a hundred and fifty.one../sixteen community.
– 222.111.44./24 has 256 IP addresses. In a routing table, (222.111.44./24, following hop interface) forwards 256 IP addresses in 222.111.forty four. network to the next hop interface.
This fall. How existing mask in decimal?
Response. Existing mask the identical way as IP address. For case in point.
/eight is offered as 255….
/sixteen is offered as 255.255…
/24 is introduced as 255.255.255.
Q5. Why mask duration is a number of of eight but?
Response: There are two variety of IP addressing strategies: classful and classless. What we’ve talked so far is classful. Classless IP address can use mask of any length. See up coming tutorials for particulars.
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